Reference
Knowing the content is half the exam. The other half is knowing how exams reward answers.
Every command term tells you exactly what kind of answer the examiner expects. Misreading the command term is the single most common way to lose marks even when you know the physics. Match your answer length and depth to the command term.
State
typical: 1 marksGive a brief, specific answer without explanation. Usually one sentence.
Define
typical: 1-2 marksProvide the precise meaning of a word, phrase, or concept. Memorise textbook definitions exactly.
List
typical: 1-2 marksGive a sequence of brief answers with no explanation.
Identify
typical: 1 marksProvide an answer from a number of possibilities.
Calculate
typical: 2-3 marksObtain a numerical answer showing all relevant working. Always include units and correct sig figs.
Determine
typical: 2-3 marksObtain the only possible answer through reasoning or calculation, showing the method used.
Estimate
typical: 1-2 marksObtain an approximate value, often to an order of magnitude.
Show that
typical: 2-3 marksProvide working that leads to a stated answer or conclusion. Steps must be clear and complete.
Describe
typical: 2-4 marksGive a detailed account, including all the relevant features (no need to explain why).
Explain
typical: 3-5 marksGive a detailed account including reasons or causes. Use 'because' or 'this is due to' and link physics concepts.
Discuss
typical: 4-6 marksOffer a considered review including a range of arguments, factors, or hypotheses, with balanced evidence.
Compare
typical: 3-4 marksGive an account of similarities AND differences between two or more items, referring to all of them.
Contrast
typical: 2-3 marksGive an account of the differences between two or more items, referring to all of them.
Outline
typical: 2-3 marksGive a brief account or summary of the main points only.
Suggest
typical: 1-3 marksPropose a solution, hypothesis, or other possible answer based on the given information.
Derive
typical: 3-5 marksManipulate a mathematical relationship to give a new equation. Show all algebraic steps.
Sketch
typical: 1-3 marksDraw a simple diagram showing key features (labelled axes, shape of curve, key points) but not to scale.
Draw
typical: 2-4 marksDraw a diagram or graph accurately, to scale where appropriate, with labels and units.
Annotate
typical: 1-2 marksAdd brief notes to a diagram or graph identifying features.
Justify
typical: 2-4 marksGive valid reasons or evidence to support a statement or conclusion.